Fall Prevention for Seniors

One fall in the past year could be a warning sign of future falls. The number of falls among seniors, particularly among elderly women, is high. In Ottawa, on average 51 people die annually from falls - and most of these are seniors. Most falls happen at home and can have a devastating effect on a senior’s independence (The Burden of Injury in Ottawa, 2010).

Warning signs:

• Muscle weakness and reduced physical fitness
• Any problem with balance
• Vision changes and eye conditions including glaucoma and cataracts
• Chronic illnesses such as arthritis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis
• Poor nutrition or not drinking enough water
• Incorrect use of canes or walkers
• Taking medications that affect alertness, judgment, perception and coordination
• Unsafe surroundings such as poorly designed stairs and handrails, inadequate lighting, and weather conditions leading to many falls among the elderly.

Tips to prevent falls:

• Regular exercise can significantly prevent falls. Flexibility, strength and balance training will reduce your risk of falls. Join a walking group, tai chi or yoga class. For programs offered in Ottawa, call 311.
• If you have mobility or balance issues, consider using an assistive device. Using a properly measured cane or a walker will help you to be more confident, active and independent while providing an excellent tool for balance. The use of secure handrails on stairs and grab bars in the bathroom will help you move around your house safely.
• Have your vision and hearing checked regularly.
•  Ask your doctor and/or pharmacist to regularly review your prescriptions and any over the counter medications you take frequently.  This is important because some medications can cause an adverse reaction when they are taken together.  It also gives you the chance to ask questions about your medications and together explore alternatives if you take any medications that may affect alertness or cause dizziness. Expired medication should be taken to your pharmacy for proper disposal.
• Talk to your health care provider about your concerns or fear of falling.
• Having a safer home will also reduce your risk of falling. A home safety checklist is available in Age Well for the health of it!  A Guide to Preventing Falls. Call Ottawa Public Health at 613 580-6744 to get a free copy.

Taking an active role in preventing falls will keep you independent and improve quality of life for yourself or someone you love.

Written by Ginette Asselin, RN BScN, Seniors Health and Caregiver Support Program, Ottawa Public Health